赶紧收藏！鸿蒙ArkTS如何使用http进行网络通信(前后端示例)
1.鸿蒙http模块
鸿蒙官方提供'@ohos.net.http'模块，它支持应用通过HTTP发起一个数据请求，支持常见的GET、POST、OPTIONS、HEAD、PUT、DELETE、TRACE、CONNECT方法。
在实际应用场景中，GET、POST使用较多，因此，基于这两种请求方式，封装简单的http工具库
2.http工具库示例
xport class HttpInterface {
static readonly TAG = 'HttpInterface'
static readonly HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT = 90 * 1000; //90ms
static readonly HTTP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = HttpInterface.HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT;
static readonly CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER = {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
static httpRequest(
url: string,
params?: string | Object | ArrayBuffer,
header?: Object
): Promise {
// 每一个httpRequest对应一个HTTP请求任务，不可复用
const request = http.createHttp();
let method = http.RequestMethod.POST
if (params == null || params == undefined) {
method = http.RequestMethod.GET
console.info(`${HttpInterface.TAG} http get request url :${url}, httpHeader:${JSON.stringify(header)}`)
} else {
console.info(`${HttpInterface.TAG} http post request url :${url}, httpHeader:${JSON.stringify(header)} params:${JSON.stringify(params)}`)
}
const responseResult = request.request(url, {
// 超时时间
readTimeout: HttpInterface.HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT,
connectTimeout: HttpInterface.HTTP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT,
method,
extraData: params,
header: { ...HttpInterface.CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER, ...header },
});
let httpResponseResult: HttpResponseResult = new HttpResponseResult();
return responseResult.then((data: http.HttpResponse) => {
console.info(`${HttpInterface.TAG} httpStatus code :${data.responseCode}, response httpheader:${JSON.stringify(data.header)} `)
const responseCode = data.responseCode
httpResponseResult.data = data.result
if (responseCode === http.ResponseCode.OK) {
httpResponseResult.resultType = HttpResponseResultType.SUCCESS
} else if (responseCode >= http.ResponseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR) {
httpResponseResult.resultType = HttpResponseResultType.SERVICE_ERROR
} else if (responseCode >= http.ResponseCode.BAD_REQUEST) {
httpResponseResult.resultType = HttpResponseResultType.CLIENT_ERROR
} else {
httpResponseResult.resultType = HttpResponseResultType.OTHER_ERROR
}
return httpResponseResult;
}).catch((err) => {
//
console.error(`${HttpInterface.TAG} response error: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`)
httpResponseResult.resultType = HttpResponseResultType.EXCEPTION
httpResponseResult.data = JSON.stringify(err)
return httpResponseResult
}).finally(() => {
console.info(`${HttpInterface.TAG} response finish httpResponseResult ---resultType: ${httpResponseResult.resultType},data:${httpResponseResult.data} }`)
// 当该请求使用完毕时，调用destroy方法主动销毁
request.destroy();
})
}
}
3.http工具库调用
3.1.鸿蒙前端http get调用
httpGet() {
//const url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8081/user/home'
const url = 'http://10.0.2.2:8081/user/home'
HttpInterface.httpRequest(url).then(response => {
if (response.resultType === HttpResponseResultType.SUCCESS) {
console.info(`${this.TAG} httpRequest 请求成功数据: ${JSON.stringify(response.data)}`)
this.getResponseData = JSON.stringify(response.data)
} else {
console.info(`${this.TAG} httpRequest 请求失败数据: ${response.resultType} error:${JSON.stringify(response.data)}`)
}
}).catch(err => {
console.info(`${this.TAG} httpRequest 请求失败 error:${JSON.stringify(err)}`)
})
}
3.2.后端http get接口
@router.get('/home')
async def home():
return {"code":200,'message': "hello fastapitest", "data": {"name":"ksnowlv","age":"20"}}
3.3.鸿蒙前端http post调用
httpPost() {
// const url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8081/user/test'
const url = 'http://10.0.2.2:8081/user/test'
const pageInfo = {
"pageIndex": 0,
"pageNumber": 10
}
HttpInterface.httpRequest(url, pageInfo).then(response => {
if (response.resultType === HttpResponseResultType.SUCCESS) {
console.log(`${this.TAG} httpRequest 请求成功数据: ${JSON.stringify(response.data)}`)
this.postResponseData = JSON.stringify(response.data)
} else {
console.log(`${this.TAG} httpRequest 请求失败数据: ${response.resultType} error:${JSON.stringify(response.data)}`)
}
}).catch(err => {
console.info(`${this.TAG} httpRequest 请求失败 error:${JSON.stringify(err)}`)
})
}
3.4.后端http post接口
class PageInfo(BaseModel):
pageIndex: int
pageNumber: int
@router.post('/test')
async def home(info:PageInfo):
xlogger.info(f"test pageIndex :{info.pageIndex},pageNumber {info.pageNumber}")
return {"code":200,'message': "hello fastapitest", "data": {"totolNum":1000,"pageNum":info.pageNumber, "pageIndex":info.pageIndex,"newsList":[{"title":"热门新闻", "subTitle":"北京新闻，新能源车","descption":"这是北京新闻"}]}}
4.效果
4.1.鸿蒙前端
控制台关于HttpInterface日志情况
05-27 14:28:24.667 17156-153 0FEFE/JsApp com.example.base_demo I HttpInterface http get request url :http://10.0.2.2:8081/user/home, httpHeader:undefined
05-27 14:28:25.003 17156-153 0FEFE/JsApp com.example.base_demo I HttpInterface httpStatus code :200, response httpheader:{"content-length":"79","content-type":"application/json","date":"Mon, 27 May 2024 06:28:25 GMT","server":"uvicorn"}
05-27 14:28:25.004 17156-153 0FEFE/JsApp com.example.base_demo I HttpInterface response finish httpResponseResult ---resultType: 1,data:{"code":200,"message":"hello fastapitest","data":{"name":"ksnowlv","age":"20"}} }
05-27 14:29:39.440 17156-153 0FEFE/JsApp com.example.base_demo I HttpInterface http post request url :http://10.0.2.2:8081/user/test, httpHeader:undefined params:{"pageIndex":0,"pageNumber":10}
05-27 14:29:39.708 17156-153 0FEFE/JsApp com.example.base_demo I HttpInterface httpStatus code :200, response httpheader:{"content-encoding":"gzip","content-length":"187","content-type":"application/json","date":"Mon, 27 May 2024 06:29:39 GMT","server":"uvicorn","vary":"Accept-Encoding"}
05-27 14:29:39.708 17156-153 0FEFE/JsApp com.example.base_demo I HttpInterface response finish httpResponseResult ---resultType: 1,data:{"code":200,"message":"hello fastapitest","data":{"totolNum":1000,"pageNum":10,"pageIndex":0,"newsList":[{"title":"热门新闻","subTitle":"北京新闻，新能源车","descption":"这是北京新闻"}]}} }
页面显示效果
4.2 后端控制台
2024-05-27 14:28:25.642 | INFO | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:30 - Request: GET http://10.0.2.2:8081/user/home Headers({'host': '10.0.2.2:8081', 'user-agent': 'libcurl-agent/1.0', 'accept': '*/*', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip', 'content-type': 'application/json'})
2024-05-27 14:28:25.644 | DEBUG | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:33 - Request query_params: {}
2024-05-27 14:28:25.645 | WARNING | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:48 - total time cost: 0.003578662872314453
2024-05-27 14:28:25.645 | INFO | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:50 - Response status code: 200 Response headers: MutableHeaders({'content-length': '79', 'content-type': 'application/json'})
2024-05-27 14:28:25.646 | INFO | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:55 - Response Body: b'{"code":200,"message":"hello fastapitest","data":{"name":"ksnowlv","age":"20"}}'
2024-05-27 14:29:40.318 | INFO | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:30 - Request: POST http://10.0.2.2:8081/user/test Headers({'host': '10.0.2.2:8081', 'user-agent': 'libcurl-agent/1.0', 'accept': '*/*', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'content-length': '31'})
2024-05-27 14:29:40.319 | DEBUG | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:33 - Request query_params: {}
2024-05-27 14:29:40.321 | INFO | app.api.users.userrouter:home:37 - test pageIndex :0,pageNumber 10
2024-05-27 14:29:40.322 | WARNING | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:48 - total time cost: 0.0038661956787109375
2024-05-27 14:29:40.322 | INFO | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:50 - Response status code: 200 Response headers: MutableHeaders({'content-length': '206', 'content-type': 'application/json'})
2024-05-27 14:29:40.323 | INFO | app.core.xlogger:dispatch:55 - Response Body: b'{"code":200,"message":"hello fastapitest","data":{"totolNum":1000,"pageNum":10,"pageIndex":0,"newsList":[{"title":"\xe7\x83\xad\xe9\x97\xa8\xe6\x96\xb0\xe9\x97\xbb","subTitle":"\xe5\x8c\x97\xe4\xba\xac\xe6\x96\xb0\xe9\x97\xbb\xef\xbc\x8c\xe6\x96\xb0\xe8\x83\xbd\xe6\xba\x90\xe8\xbd\xa6","descption":"\xe8\xbf\x99\xe6\x98\xaf\xe5\x8c\x97\xe4\xba\xac\xe6\x96\xb0\xe9\x97\xbb"}]}}'
5.其它
5.1.为什么json不直接做解析？
http重点是通信，不包含数据适配层，json不直接做解析可由数据适配层负责处理；如果是其它格式的数据，也是数据适配层处理。
5.2. HTTP请求任务
HTTP请求任务，因不可复用，所以，没有做任务池复用及调度。可以自己做个任务池不复用，控制请求任务的调度；如果是等待中的重复任务，可以做些优化策略。
5.3.网络访问权限
项目中需要配置ohos.permission.INTERNET权限。
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