最全的Oracle到高斯数据库的SQL语法迁移手册(建议收藏)
Copyright © 2022 PawSQL
文章目录
- 概述
- 虚拟表(dual)
- 虚拟表dual
- 虚拟列
- 虚拟列rownum
- 虚拟列rowid
- 字符串函数
- nvl(col, value)
- nvl2(col, v1, v2)
- decode(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4)
- substr(str, int, int)
- instr(str1, str2)
- replace(srcstr, oldsub[, newsub ])
- stragg(str,[str])
- listagg(str, [str])
- 日期函数
- sysdate/systimestamp
- to_date(str, fmt)
- trunc(arg1, [arg2])
- add_months(date, int)
- last_day(date)
- SQL语句
- HAVING子句顺序
- 括号中的表名
- UNIQUE关键字
- MINUS关键字
- FROM关键字
- NOLOGGING关键字
- AS关键字
- FROM子查询的别名
- UPDATE语句里的字段名
- 左(右)外连接
- CONNECT BY子句
- 操作符的强类型限制
- 数值运算(+,-,*,/,%)
- 日期计算(+,-)
- 字符串拼接(||)
- 函数参数的强类型限制
- substr(arg1, arg2, arg3)
- sum(arg)
- avg(arg)
- round(arg)
- 条件判断中的强类型限制
- 比较运算(=、>、=、= 2;
select tableoid from customer limit 9 OFFSET 2 3 select c_name from customer where rownum select customer.c_name from customer where customer.c_phone = ‘111’ limit 9 4 select * from customer where rownum between 1 and 10; select tableoid from customer limit 10 OFFSET 0 虚拟列rowid
Oracle中的rowid虚拟列返回特定行的具体地址,在Opengauss中重写为tableoid || '#' || ctid
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select rowid, c.* from customer c; select tableoid || ‘#’ || ctid, c.* from customer as c 字符串函数
nvl(col, value)
Oracle中的nvl(col, value)用来设置默认值,col为空就设置为value;
在Opengauss中重写为coalesce
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select nvl(c_phone, 1) from customer; select coalesce(customer.c_phone, ‘1’) from customer nvl2(col, v1, v2)
nvl2对col的null值进行处理,如果col为null,则返回v1, 否则返回v2;
postgre中没有类似的函数,可以重写为case… when…
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select nvl2(c_phone, 1, 2) from customer; select case when c_phone is null then 1 else 2 end from customer decode(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4)
Oracle中的decode(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4)函数, 表示当 arg1 等于 arg2 时,取 arg3,否则取 arg4。
postgre中没有类似的函数,可以重写为case… when…
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select decode(c_phone,‘110’, 1 , 2) from customer; select case when c_phone = ‘110’ then 1 else 2 end from customer 2 select decode(c_phone,null, 1 , 2) from customer; select case when c_phone is null then 1 else 2 end from customer substr(str, int, int)
Oracle中的substr用来取一个字符串的子串,Opengauss有同名的函数实现类似功能。不同的是Oracle中,第二、第三个参数可以为负数,代表从后面进行计数,Opengauss不允许其为负数,需对其进行转换。Oracle中是以0开始计数,Opengauss以1开始计数(需确认)。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select substr(c_phone, 1 , -2 ) from customer; select substr(c_phone, 1, length(c_phone) - 2) from customer 2 select substr(c_phone, -3 , 1 ) from customer; select substr(c_phone, length(c_phone) - 3, 1) from customer instr(str1, str2)
Oracle中的instr用来取一个字符串的子串位置,当其只有两个参数时,表示子串的第一次出现的位置,和Opengauss中对应的函数为strpos。当其有多个参数时,无对应函数。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select instr(‘123’, ‘23’) select strpos(‘123’, ‘23’) replace(srcstr, oldsub[, newsub ])
在Oracle中,replace()函数用于替换字符串, replace(srcstr, oldsub[, newsub ] ),和Opengauss中的replace函数用法基本一致。只是需要注意在Oracle中无第三个参数时,代表删除此字符,在Opengauss可将第三个参数设置为’'。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select replace(‘123’,‘1’); select replace(‘123’,‘1’,‘’); stragg(str,[str])
Oracle里的stragg函数实现在分组内对列值的拼接,它和listagg类似,但是不可以指定拼接的顺序。在Opengauss中,可以使用string_agg函数来替换。其第二个参数可选,默认值为’',在Opengauss需补充第二个参数。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select listagg(c_name,‘,’) as name from customer group by c_phone select string_agg(c_name,‘,’) as name from customer group by c_phone 2 select listagg(c_name) as name from customer group by c_phone select listagg(c_name,‘’) as name from customer group by c_phone listagg(str, [str])
Oracle里的listagg函数实现对列值的拼接,它可以在分组内以指定顺序对非分组列进行拼接。在Opengauss中,可以使用string_agg函数来实现,需注意语法方面也有区别. 另外,其第二个参数可选,默认值为’',在Opengauss需补充第二个参数。
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当没有group by子句时,可以使用over(partiton by… order by…)进行替换
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当指定group by子句时,它的重写算法比较复杂
- 如果需要保持拼接的顺序,需要通过子查询来实现(见编号2)
- 如果不需要保持拼接顺序,可以把它转化为简单的聚集函数(编号3)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select listagg(c_name,‘,’) within group(order by c_name) over (partition by c_phone) as name from customer; sselect string_agg(customer.c_name, ‘,’) over (partition by customer.c_phone order by c_custkey) as name from customer 2 select listagg(c_name,‘,’) within group(order by c_name) as name from customer group by c_phone; select max(paw_dt.name) as name from (select string_agg(customer.c_name, ‘,’) over (partition by customer.c_phone order by c_name) as name, customer.c_phone
from customer) as paw_dt
group by c_phone
3 select listagg(c_name,‘,’) within group(order by c_name) as name from customer group by c_phone select string_agg(c_name,‘,’) as name from customer group by c_phone 日期函数
sysdate/systimestamp
Oracle中的sysdate()/sysdate返回系统当前时间(日期+时分秒),在Opengauss中对应now()或是current_timestamp(日期+时分秒+毫秒)。
Oracle中的systimestamp返回系统当前时间戳(日期+时分秒+毫秒),在Opengauss中对应now()或是current_timestamp。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select sysdate select current_timestamp 2 select sysdate() select now() 3 select systimestamp select current_timestamp to_date(str, fmt)
Oracle中的to_date返回的是时间类型,而在Opengauss中to_date是日期类型,所以Oracle中的to_date在Opengauss中应该对应to_timestamp
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select to_date( endTime ,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from t select to_timestamp( endTime ,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from t trunc(arg1, [arg2])
在Oracle中trunc函数有两种用法
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第一种是对数字进行截取, trunc(num,[int]); 是去掉数字num小数位以后的部分,并且不进行四舍五入。这种用法和在Opengauss的trunc用法一致,不需要转换
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trunc函数的第二种用法是对日期进行提取,trunc(date,[fmt])。这种用法在Opengauss对应的函数是date_trunc(fmt, date),需注意在Opengauss中fmt是第一个参数,且不可省略。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select trunc( 111.23,2) select trunc( 111.23,2) 2 select trunc(sysdate,‘year’) select date_trunc(‘year’, current_timestamp) 3 select trunc(sysdate) select date_trunc(‘dd’, current_timestamp) add_months(date, int)
Oracle中的add_months 函数主要是对日期函数进行操作,对日期按月增加。在Opengauss没有对应的函数,需将其转化为基于日期和interval的运算。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select add_months(sysdate, 2) select current_timestamp + 2 * interval ‘1 month’ last_day(date)
Oracle中的last_day返回指定日期所在月份的最后一天; 在Opengauss没有对应的函数,需将其转化为基于日期和interval的运算。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select add_months(sysdate, 2) select cast(date_trunc(‘MONTH’, current_timestamp) + interval ‘1 MONTH - 1 DAY’ as date) SQL语句
HAVING子句顺序
Oracle允许HAVING在GROUP BY子句之前或之后。在Opengauss中,HAVING子句必须出现在GROUP BY子句后面。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select c_name from customer having count(*) > 2 group by c_name select c_name from customer group by c_name having count(*) > 2 括号中的表名
Oracle中单表引用允许使用括号括起来,Opengauss不允许。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 SELECT * FROM (CUSTOMER); SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER; UNIQUE关键字
Oracle中允许使用UNIQUE进行去重,在Opengauss中迁移为DISTINCT关键字
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select unique c_phone from customer select distinct customer.c_phone from customer MINUS关键字
Oracle中可以使用minus关键字来取两个结果集的差,在Opengauss中需迁移为except.
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select c_custkey from customer minus select o_custkey from orders select c_custkey from customer except select o_custkey from orders FROM关键字
Oracle的delete语句的FROM关键字可以省略,迁移至Opengauss需补充上。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 delete customer where 1=0; delete from customer where 1 = 0 NOLOGGING关键字
Oracle在执行INSERT语句时,可以通过指定NOLOGGING关键字来减少日志记录,提升操作性能。Opengauss不支持此关键字。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 insert into customer nologging select * from customer_bk; insert into customer select * from customer_bk; AS关键字
INSERT INTO 后面不需要添加as关键字,insert into ... as select... 修改为insert into... select...
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 insert into t as select c1 from t1 insert into t select c1 from t1 FROM子查询的别名
Oracle中在不引起歧义的情况下子查询可以不带别名,而在Opengauss中,所有的FROM子查询都必须带有别名
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select * from (select * from CUSTOMER) select * from (select * from CUSTOMER) as foo UPDATE语句里的字段名
在Opengauss中,Update的时候,更新列不允许添加表名前缀。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 update customer c set c.c_name = ‘xxx’ where c_custkey = 1; update customer set c_name = ‘xxx’ where c_custkey = 1 左(右)外连接
在Oracle中,外连接可以通过在条件上添加(+)来定义, 连接符(+)跟在哪个条件后面就是哪张表被左连。在Opengauss中,需将其重写为标准的外连接语法。
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select * from customer, orders where c_custkey = o_custkey(+) select * from customer left outer join orders on c_custkey = o_custkey 2 select * from customer, orders where c_custkey(+) = o_custkey and c_name(+) = o.o_clerk and o_custkey>100 select * fromcustomer right outer join orders on (c_custkey = o_custkey and c_name = o_clerk) where o_custkey > 100 CONNECT BY子句
Oracle中,CONNECT BY 用于存在上下级等层级关系的数据表进行递归查询。语法格式: START WITH condition1 CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition2。在Opengauss通过Recursive Common Table Expression来实现此功能,主要是把START WITH… CONNECT BY Prior拆成两个部分,查询表一致,但条件不一致,用UNION ALL合并.
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select id from city_branch start with id=rolebranchid connect by prior id=parent_id; with RECURSIVE MIG_CTE as (
select id, 1 as level from city_branch where id = rolebranchidunion all
select id, level + 1 from city_branch, MIG_CTE where MIG_CTE.id = parent_id)
select * from MIG_CTE2 select t.branch_level, t.id from city_branch c where (c.branch_level = ‘1’ or t.branch_level = ‘2’) and (t.sign = ‘1’ or t.sign = ‘4’ or t.sign = ‘8’) and t.status = ‘1’ start with c.id = i_branch_id connect by c.id = prior c.parent_id order by c.branch_level desc with RECURSIVE MIG_CTE as (select t.branch_level, t.id, 1 as level from city_branch as cwhere ((((branch_level = ‘1’ or t.branch_level = ‘2’)and ((t.sign = ‘1’ or t.sign = ‘4’) or t.sign = ‘8’)) and t.status = ‘1’) and c.id = i_branch_id)
union all
select t.branch_level, t.id, level + 1 from city_branch as c, MIG_CTE where ((((branch_level = ‘1’ or t.branch_level = ‘2’) and ((t.sign = ‘1’ or t.sign = ‘4’) or t.sign = ‘8’)) and t.status = ‘1’) and c.id = MIG_CTE.parent_id))
select * from MIG_CTE order by MIG_CTE.branch_level desc操作符的强类型限制
Oracle中不同类型进行基于操作符的运算,会自动转化类型,譬如select 1 + '1' from dual。Opengauss是强类型,不同类型的运算会提示类型不匹配,执行select 1 + '1'会报错,需要进行显式的类型转换。
涉及的操作符类型包括:
操作符 操作符名称 + 加法 - 减法 / 除法 % 取余 * 乘法 || 字符串拼接 数值运算(+,-,*,/,%)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select 1 + ‘1’ select 1 + 1 2 select 1 + charCol from tbl select 1 + cast(charCol as numeric) from tbl 3 select ‘1’ - 1 select 1- 1 4 select 1 * charCol from tbl select 1 * **cast(charCol as numeric) ** from tbl 5 select 1 / charCol from tbl select 1 /cast(charCol as numeric) from tbl 6 select charCol % 2 from tbl select cast(charCol as numeric) % 2 from tbl 日期计算(+,-)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select sysdate - 1 select current_timestamp - interval ‘1’ DAY 2 select 1 + sysdate() select interval ‘1’ DAY + now() 3 select systimestamp +1 select current_timestamp + interval ‘1’ DAY 4 select systimestamp - 1 select current_timestamp - interval ‘1’ DAY 字符串拼接(||)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select 1||1 select ‘1’||‘1’ 2 select 1 || c_custkey select 1 || cast(c_custkey as text) 函数参数的强类型限制
Oracle中在函数调用时,参数类型进行会自动转化类型,譬如 select substr(123.12,0,2)是合法的,且返回123。Opengauss是强类型, 执行select substr(123.12,0,2)会报错,需要进行显式的类型转换。
substr(arg1, arg2, arg3)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select substr(1234.1, 0, 4) select substr(‘1234.1’, 1, 4+1) 2 select substr(‘1234.1’, 0, ‘2’) select substr(‘1234.1’, 0, 2) sum(arg)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select sum(‘2’) select sum(2) avg(arg)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select avg(‘2’) select avg(2) round(arg)
编号 Oracle Opengauss 1 select round(‘2’) select round(2) 条件判断中的强类型限制
Oracle中在进行条件判断时,左右表达式的类型进行会自动转化,譬如 where c_phone = 110是合法的。Opengauss是强类型, 执行where c_phone = 110会报错,需要进行显式的类型转换。
比较运算(=、>、=、
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- 比较运算(=、>、=、= 2;
